where is stuttgart

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Where Is Stuttgart

(state) in southwestern Germany. Baden-Württemberg is bordered by the states of Rhineland-Palatinate to the northwest, Hesse to the north and Bavaria to the east, and Switzerland to the south and France to the west. The capital of the state is Stuttgart. Area 13,804 sq mi (35,752 sq km). Pop (2011) 10, 486, 660.

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Created under post-World War II occupation regulations and confirmed by referendum in December 1951, Baden-Württemberg consists of three former states: Württemberg-Baden (in the American zone) and Südwürttemberg-Hohenzollern and Südbaden (French in both zones). The merger of these states took effect in 1952.

Baden-Württemberg is one of Germany's most geographically diverse states, with fertile highlands, green meadows, lakes and upland forests with marshes. It is geographically bounded by the Main River to the north, the Iller River to the east, Lake Constance (Bodensee) and the waters of the Upper Rhine to the south, and the widened Rhine Valley to the west. The source of the Danube River (Donau) is in Donashingen, Baden-Württemberg, and the river flows through the eastern region of the state on the first part of its journey across continental Europe. The Danube is the main southern drainage basin of the European watershed, which divides the kingdom.

The fertile southern part of the Upper Rhine Valley is an important agricultural region, with many orchards and vineyards, including the sun-drenched vineyards around Mount Kaiserstuhl, which produce wines that surpass anything produced in Germany. The best is wine.

Baden-Württemberg has Germany's largest intact forest area, the Black Forest (Schwarzwald), which stretches westward along the Rhine River. Idyllic canyons break its monotony, and over the years the lowlands have been flooded, many small lakes now contributing to the forest's charming, somewhat foreboding, scenery. The highest point is the Feldberg, which rises to 4,898 feet (1,493 m). The Black Forest flows south into the Hautzen Forest (Hautzenwald), where numerous lakes and reservoirs feed numerous power stations. Fruit grows in valleys across the western slopes, the most commonly used being grapes, plums and cherries used in kirsch, the famous Black Forest cherry brandy.

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The Alpine foreland is a deep trough at the edge of the Alps that extends from the former volcanic region of the Hegau Mountains in the west to the Allgau Plain in the east. Its territory has many rolling hills, including the famous Lake Constance and many lakes and marshes, which give the region a distinctive look. The marshland is used for therapeutic bathing, hence the number of health spas in the area.

The Swabian Alps (Schwäbische Alb) cover the area between the Black Forest and the Franconian Alps (Frankische Alb). In the north its mountains drop abruptly into the Neckar river valley. The fertile Neckarland region is one of Germany's most densely populated regions. Vineyards abound along the Neckar and its many tributaries. Other crops grown in the region include potatoes, sugar beets, and various fruits and vegetables, including some grains. Since the end of World War II, new development has pushed the boundaries of towns and cities into rural districts.

The Hohenlohe district is the granary of Baden-Württemberg. It is located around the old town of Schwabisch Hall and extends to the Bavarian border at Rothenburg ob der Tauber. Large grounds and numerous, often well-preserved, castles provide ample evidence of Hohenlohe wealth in previous centuries.

Located between the Rhine and Neckar rivers, the fertile Kreichgau district is home to wheat, maize (maize), tobacco and fruit farming. Schwetzinger asparagus is very famous in the region.

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The Odenwald (Oden Forest) is known as the "Siberia of Baden" due to its rugged climate along its main traffic arteries. It was only in the years after the 1950s that the development of small scale industries created additional income opportunities for local small farmers.

The climate of Baden-Württemberg varies greatly in the different regions of the state. The Upper Rhine Valley is the warmest region, with annual averages in the high 40s °F (about 9 °C), while the Alps are the most volatile, with annual averages in the 40s °F (about 5.5). °C).

Baden-Württemberg is characterized by a large number of urban settlements; The urban density is two to three times that of northern Germany. By the end of the 20th century, the post-World War II era had grown more than any other, with Baden-Württemberg ranking third in both area and population among the German states.

Baden-Württemberg's major expansion after World War II was largely due to the fact that nearly a quarter of its population had moved to the state as refugees or displaced persons from the Soviet-occupied East. Their arrival in this particular area is partly explained by ancestral connections between them and the states of Baden and Württemberg in previous centuries. In addition, many in this part of Germany that had survived the devastation of wartime saw opportunities for a fresh start. From 1945 to 1950, the state's rural areas provided better housing and employment opportunities, but in subsequent years workers returned to industrial centers. The capital, Stuttgart, saw spectacular growth and many rural districts were heavily populated. In the late 20th century, apparently only high rents in cities prevented more people from moving to urban areas where they worked.

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Baden-Württemberg can be considered a German state with an economic life of middle-class merchants and small farmers. Although world-renowned companies such as Daimler AG started out as small workshops in Stuttgart and Mannheim, the region has virtually no heavy industry. In general, Baden-Württemberg is a producer of high value-added industrial products. It is the center of specialized mechanical industries that produce most of the watches, clocks and custom-made jewelry in the country. Baden-Württemberg also produces significant amounts of German leather goods, musical instruments, medical equipment, food, agricultural products, and hardware. However, the declining importance of manufacturing as an employer affected the state's economy in the 1990s, and Baden-Württemberg maintained its traditionally high standard of living by using high technology, manufacturing and business services. Tried to expand.

The state's industrial centers are concentrated in the Neckar valley, between Esslingen, Stuttgart and Heilbronn, and the region accounts for more than half of the state's total output. Stuttgart is Germany's largest center for high-tech businesses. Industrial areas are found on the banks of the Rhine near Mannheim and near Karlsruhe and Ulm. The border district of the Upper Rhine also gained economic importance. As it is located near the French and Swiss borders, it has become a preferred location for new German branch offices as well as French and Swiss companies.

Making a living in agriculture continues to pose a problem for smallholder farmers. Many take factory jobs to replace their farm income or either use their homes or other nearby properties for tourist use. The well-known spas in Baden-Baden, Wildbad and Badenweiler provide additional tourist facilities, while many other smaller spas have been enlarged and greatly improved with state government funding.

Lacking natural resources and forced to rely primarily on trade and commerce, Baden-Württemberg pays particular attention to its transportation system. As early as 1955 the government drew up a general plan which was revised twice in the late 20th century and adapted to recent technological developments. The state has an extensive system of several autobahns and minor highways and is well served by high-speed passenger rail services. The Rhine and Neckar are improved as waterways. Baden-Württemberg has a major international airport near Stuttgart and several smaller airports.

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Representatives of the Landtag (state parliament) are directly elected for five years. The Landtag passes laws, approves the state budget, and elects the prime minister and members of the state constitutional court.

Baden-Württemberg is one of Germany's leading centers of higher education. In addition to the Universities of Heidelberg and Tübingen and the Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg, which all date back to the Middle Ages, there are technical universities in Stuttgart and Karlsruhe, the Agricultural University of Stuttgart-Hohenheim and a university in Mannheim that specialize. in economics. Both the University of Ulm and the University of Konstanz were founded in the 1960s. There are many other institutions of higher learning.

Baden-Württemberg is